Operating m-phy based communications over mass storage-based interfaces, and related connectors, systems and methods

ABSTRACT

M-PHY communications are provided over a mass storage-based interface. Related connectors, systems, and methods are also disclosed. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure take the M-PHY standard compliant signals and direct them through a memory card compliant connector so as to allow two M-PHY standard compliant devices having memory card based connectors to communicate.

PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/867,353, filed on Aug. 19,2013, entitled “OPERATING M-PHY BASED COMMUNICATIONS OVER MASSSTORAGE-BASED INTERFACES, AND RELATED CONNECTORS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS,”which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The present application also claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/867,343, filed on Aug. 19,2013, entitled “OPERATING M-PHY BASED COMMUNICATIONS OVER MASSSTORAGE-BASED INTERFACES, AND RELATED CONNECTORS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS,”which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

I. Field of the Disclosure

The technology of the present disclosure relates generally tocommunications interfaces used for communications between electronicdevices.

II. Background

Electronic devices have proliferated throughout society supporting awide range of applications and uses. As the number and variety ofdevices expand, there is an increasing need for electronic devices tocommunicate with one another. In response to this need, variousprotocols have been proposed and adopted. In many instances, theprotocols define signal levels, associated data representations andtiming that are communicated between the electronic devices. Examples ofthese protocols include wireless communications, such as the 802.11standards set forth by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) and BLUETOOTH®. Wireless signal protocols may alsospecify frequency and power levels. Others of these protocols arewire-based. In the event that a protocol is wire-based, a standardizedphysical connector may be required to effectuate communications betweenthe devices. Various physical connectors, for example Registered Jack-11(RJ-11), RJ-14, RJ-21, RJ-45, and RJ-49, have been used successfully forvarious purposes and protocols.

With the increase of mobile platform devices, and the increasedfunctionality in each of these devices, data rates between peripheralshave seen exponential growth. In this regard, the Mobile IndustryProcessor Interface (MIPI®) Alliance has recently proposed the M-PHY®physical layer standard defining a data rate of 10 Kbps to 5.8 Gbps perlane. The M-PHY standard is optimized for mobile applications, such ascameras, displays for mobile terminals, smart phones, and the like.However, while the M-PHY standard provides a serial interface technologywith high bandwidth capabilities, the M-PHY specification deliberatelyavoids connector definitions and advocates for a permanent trace basedconnection between devices. Permanent trace based connections eliminatethe flexibility of user desired connections.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include operating theM-PHY communications over a mass storage-based interface. Relatedconnectors, systems, and methods are also disclosed. In particular,embodiments of the present disclosure take the M-PHY standard compliantsignals and direct them through a memory card compliant connector so asto allow two M-PHY standard compliant devices having memory card basedconnectors to communicate. Reusing the form factor of the memory cardallows for efficiencies in manufacturing and acceptance within theindustry as there is a solid manufacturing base for these connectors andan understanding of their physical limitations, which assists designersin incorporating such connectors into their products.

In another embodiment, a method of ascertaining what sort of card hasbeen put into a host device receptacle is disclosed. The method includesdetecting insertion of a memory card connector into a memory card formfactor receptacle. The method also comprises determining if the memorycard connector is associated with a memory card or is operatingaccording to an M-PHY protocol. The method also comprises operating onthe determining.

In another embodiment, a method of ascertaining what sort of card hasbeen put into a host device receptacle is disclosed. The methodcomprises detecting insertion of a memory card connector into a memorycard form factor receptacle. The method also comprises providing a firstcommand to logic within the memory card connector, the first commanduniquely associated with a first memory card communication protocol. Themethod also comprises determining if a first reply to the first commandis provided from the logic within the memory card connector to the hostdevice. The method also comprises if no first reply is provided,providing a second command to the logic within the memory cardconnector, the second command associated with a second memory cardcommunication protocol. The method also comprises determining if asecond reply to the second command is provided from the logic within thememory card connector to the host device. The method also comprises ifno second reply is provided, operating according to an M-PHY protocol.

In another embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable medium isdisclosed. The medium comprises software with instructions to detectinsertion of a memory card connector into a memory card form factorreceptacle. The medium also comprises software with instructions todetermine if the memory card connector is associated with a memory cardor is operating according to an M-PHY protocol. The medium alsocomprises software with instructions to operate based on the determining

In another embodiment, a computing device is disclosed. The devicecomprises a receptacle configured to hold a memory card connector andhaving electrical contact configured to mate to contacts in a memorycard form factor. The device also comprises a control system operativelycoupled to the electrical contacts and configured to detect insertion ofthe memory card connector into the receptacle. The control system isalso configured to determine if the memory card connector is associatedwith a memory card or is operating according to an M-PHY protocol. Thecontrol system is also configured to operate based on the determining.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A is a top plan view of an exemplary conventional Secure Digital™(SD) style memory card with pin layout;

FIG. 1B is a top plan view of an exemplary conventional MultiMediaCard(MMC) style memory card with pin layout;

FIG. 1C is a top plan view of an exemplary conventional MMCplus stylememory card with pin layout;

FIG. 1D is a simplified schematic of a conventional memory card insertedinto a host device;

FIG. 2A is a table illustrating an exemplary mapping of SerialPeripheral Interface (SPI) style memory card pins to an M-PHY data pathfor an M-PHY standard;

FIG. 2B is a table illustrating an exemplary mapping of SD style memorycard pins to an M-PHY data path for an M-PHY standard;

FIG. 2C is a table illustrating an exemplary mapping of UHS-II stylememory card pins to an M-PHY data path for an M-PHY standard;

FIG. 2D is a table illustrating an exemplary mapping of MMC style memorycard pins to an M-PHY data path for an M-PHY standard;

FIG. 2E is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment SD style memorycard form factor repurposed for an M-PHY standard;

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a conventionalM-PHY single lane signal path layout for connection of M-PHY standardcompliant electronic devices;

FIG. 3B is an exemplary embodiment of a simplified schematic of arepurposed memory card form factor inserted into a host device;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for mappingmemory card pins of a memory card form factor to M-PHY standard datapaths;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary device detection processaccommodating different types of memory card pin layouts; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of exemplary processor-based electronicdevices and systems, any of which can include a memory card styleconnector having pins mapped to M-PHY standard data paths according tothe embodiments disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference now to the drawing figures, several exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure are described. The word “exemplary” is usedherein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Anyembodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include operating theM-PHY communications over a mass storage-based interface. Relatedconnectors, systems, and methods are also disclosed. In particular,embodiments of the present disclosure take the M-PHY standard compliantsignals and direct them through a memory card compliant connector so asto allow two M-PHY standard compliant devices having memory card basedconnectors to communicate. Reusing the form factor of the memory cardallows for efficiencies in manufacturing and acceptance within theindustry as there is a solid manufacturing base for these connectors andan understanding of their physical limitations, which assist designersin incorporating such connectors into their products.

The Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®) Alliance has proposedthe M-PHY standard, which is a physical layer protocol detailing howdevices communicate with one another. However, the MIPI® Alliance has todate, not defined or constrained the M-PHY standard to a particularconnector type that complies with the standard, leaving the design ofthe physical connectors to the entities deploying products in thisspace. While it is possible to design such a physical connector withoutreference to any existing connector type, an existing connector isadapted herein to satisfy the signal integrity and other requirements ofthe MIPI® Alliance M-PHY standard. In particular, the memory cardindustry has a number of predefined form factors each of which has aplurality of electrical connections (pins). Even within an existingmemory card standard there may be sub form factors (e.g., Secure Digital(SD) has formats including SD, miniSD, microSD, SDHC, miniSDHC,microSDHC, etc.). As noted, each of these form factors has a pluralityof electrical connections (pins) which allow communication with thelogic and/or memory cells within the memory card. The existence of thesepins allows for an opportunity in which the form factor may berepurposed for use with M-PHY compliant devices and the pins on the formfactor are used to carry M-PHY compliant signals. While there areseveral proprietary pin layouts within the memory card industry, theform factors associated with each memory card are well documented andunderstood and thus may be repurposed as further disclosed herein. As anon-limiting example, the memory card form factor that is adapted to beused for the MIPI® Alliance M-PHY standard can be any of a Compact Flash(I and II), Secure Digital (SD) (SD, miniSD, microSD, SDHC, miniSDHC,microSDHC, SDXC), Memory Stick (Standard, Pro, Pro Duo, Pro-HG Duo,Micro (M2), xC), MultiMediaCard (MMC) (MMC, RS-MMC, MMCmobile, MMCplus,MMCmicro, eMMC), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) mode of operationwithin a card format, xD (Standard, Type M, Type H, Type M+), XQD, orUltra High Speed (UHS) (I and II) pin layout. Before discussing theembodiments of adapting memory card connectors to the M-PHY standard,memory card connectors are first discussed with regard to FIGS. 1A-1D.The discussion of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure beginsbelow with respect to FIG. 2A.

In this regard, FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate exemplary conventional memorycards alone and in use with a host device (note that the host device issometimes referred to as a memory card controller or card controller).Typical uses for such memory cards are in digital cameras, smart phones,and other small portable devices. Data is typically acquired through thesmall portable device and stored on the memory card. Subsequently, thecard is removed and inserted into a receptacle on a computing devicesuch as a desk top computer, and the files transferred to the computingdevice. Such uses are well understood in the industry. However, a briefoverview of the physical attributes and functions is provided in theinterest of completeness.

In this regard, FIG. 1A illustrates an SD card 10 having pins 12A-12I(collectively pins 12). The SD card 10 has a generally pentagonallyshaped housing 14 usually made of plastic or other polymeric material.The pins 12 are usually flush or slightly recessed within the housing 14and form a conductive contact area through which an electricalconnection can be made. TABLE 1, below, lists the conventional pinassignment along with the present disclosure's reference number for eachpin 12.

TABLE 1 Conventional SD Pin Assignment SD PIN # Disclosure # SD SignalName SD Description 1 12B CD/DAT3 Card detect/Data #3 2 12C CMDCommand/response 3 12D VSS1 Ground 4 12E VDD Supply Voltage 5 12F CLKClock 6 12G VSS2 Ground 7 12H DAT0 Data #0 8 12I DAT1 Data #1 9 12A DAT2Data #2

For more information about the SD specification, the interested readeris referred to SD Specifications, Part 1, Physical Layer SimplifiedSpecification, version 2.00, Sep. 25, 2006, available from the SD Groupat mac6.ma.psu.edu/, which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. Still further, the interested reader may be able to accessversions 3.00 or 4.00 published by the SD Group.

The SD memory card 10 is an evolution of an earlier card, namely theMMC. An exemplary conventional MMC 16 is illustrated in FIG. 1B. The MMC16 has pins 18A-18G (collectively pins 18). The MMC 16 has a generallypentagonally shaped housing 20 that is substantially identical to thehousing 14 of the SD card 10. The primary difference is that the SD card10 has two additional pins (i.e., pins 12A and 12I) beyond the sevenpins of the MMC 16. TABLE 2, below, lists the conventional pinassignment along with the present disclosure's reference number for eachpin 18.

TABLE 2 Conventional MMC Pin Assignment MMC PIN # Disclosure # MMCSignal Name MMC Description 1 18A CS Chip Select 2 18B CMDCommand/Response 3 18C GND Ground 4 18D VCC Supply Voltage 5 18E CLKClock 6 18F GND Ground 7 18G DAT Data

As noted above, MMC is an even older standard than the SD standard andthe industry is well acquainted with manufacturing cards compliant withthe standard and manipulations thereof. Also note that while thestandard MMC has seven pins, permutations of the MMC do exist with morepins (e.g. MMCPlus, MMCmicro, eMMC). The older, basic MMC (as well asRS-MMC and SecureMMC), with only seven pins is not well suited torepurposing as described herein. However, subsequent iterations of theMMC standard starting with MMCPlus (e.g., MMCplus, MMCmobile), which hasthirteen pins are suitable for the repurposing described herein. Thus,FIG. 1C illustrates a conventional MMCplus card 16′ with a housing 20′substantially similar to the housing 20. The MMCplus card 16′ has pins18A-18G identical to the pins 18A-18G of the MMC card 16 (FIG. 1B), butalso adds additional pins 18H-18L allowing additional data channels.TABLE 3, below, lists the conventional pin assignment along with thepresent disclosure's reference number for each pin 18.

TABLE 3 Conventional MMCPLUS Pin Assignment MMC PIN # Disclosure # MMCSignal Name MMC Description 1 18A DAT3 Data 2 18B CMD Command/Response 318C VSS Ground 4 18D VDD Supply Voltage 5 18E CLK Clock 6 18F VSS Ground7 18G DAT0 Data 8 18H DAT1 Data 9 18I DAT2 Data 10 18J DAT4 Data 11 18KDAT5 Data 12 18L DAT6 Data 13 18M DAT7 Data

While only three conventional card pin layouts are illustrated in FIGS.1A-1C, it should be appreciated that other conventional memory cards arelikewise well understood. Thus, while pin layouts are not provided forMMCMicro, Compact Flash, Memory Stick, SPI, xD, XQD, or UHS, cards usingthese formats are well established and published standards for eachformat exist, and the interested reader may learn more through thepublications of the relevant standard setting bodies (e.g., JEDEC).

Each memory card is configured to be used in some sort of device,sometimes referred to as a host device or a memory card controller,whether that device is a portable electronic device such as a digitalcamera or a more stationary device such as a desktop computer. FIG. 1Dillustrates a simplified schematic of a conventional card 22 pluggedinto a conventional host 24. In particular, the host 24 includes areceptacle 26 sized to accommodate the standard sized card 22.Additionally, the host 24 includes a transmit (TX) element 28 and areceive (RX) element 30 configured to interoperate with electricalcontacts 32 to provide signals to and receive signals from the card 22.In particular, the card 22 includes contacts or pins 34 whichelectrically couple to the electrical contacts 32 of the host 24 toeffectuate a communication path as is well understood. The card 22further includes a RX element 36 and a TX element 38 as well as acomputer readable memory 40. The RX element 36 and the TX element 38interoperate with the pins 34 to receive signals from and send signalsto the host 24 as is well understood.

Similar tables may readily be created for other formats of memory cards.Because the memory card standards are well established, the industry hashad time to develop a standardized form factor. There are numerousmanufacturers capable of manufacturing connectors according to thewell-established form factor. Likewise, stress and bend tolerances andother fatigue related tolerances and the like are well understood bythose who use such connectors. Many specific definitions andrequirements are set forth in the memory card specifications and theindustry has acclimated to meeting these definitions and requirements.

The present disclosure takes advantage of the familiarity with whichindustry treats the memory card style connectors and particularly withhousing of the cards 10, 16, 16′, 22 (and corresponding receptacles 26)and proposes repurposing such connectors for use with M-PHY standardcompliant devices. In particular, use of the existing memory card styleconnectors in an M-PHY standard compliant device allows all of theexpertise and familiarity the industry has with the memory card styleconnectors to be leveraged into ready acceptance of its use with M-PHYstandard compliant devices. The well-developed manufacturing base allowsfor ease in securing the connectors for incorporation into M-PHYstandard compliant devices. That is, there will be little or no lag timein securing an acceptable manufacturer of connectors for ready inclusionin M-PHY standard compliant devices and the competition between existingmanufacturers means that the cost of the individual connectors willlikely be reasonable. Similarly, because the connectors are currentlymade in high volumes, there may be reductions in cost because ofappropriate economies of scale.

While many of the various card formats may be repurposed according toexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, only a few areillustrated herein. In general, the repurposing takes pins devoted todata or pins that are reserved and uses such pins to form differentialdata pin pairs that carry the differential M-PHY data signals. Clocksignals, power signals, and insertion detection pins may be preserved.While this general repurposing is specifically contemplated, otherrepurposing is possible that completely shuffles the purpose of the pinsin the existing form factors. In this regard, with reference to FIG. 2A,a chart 42 is provided to illustrate the mapping of the M-PHY standardcompliant pin names to the corresponding SD card connector in serialperipheral interface (SPI) mode. In particular, FIG. 2A illustrates thatthe pins for the Data Input (DI), Reserved (RSV), Data Output (DO), andsecond RSV lines are repurposed from their respective SPI signal use toa corresponding M-PHY signal use. Thus, in exemplary embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the DI pin which was used for data input is used forthe TXDP signal; the first RSV pin which was reserved for futurestandard development is used for the TXDN signal; the DO pin which wasused for data output signal is used for the RXDN signal; and the secondRSV pin which was reserved for future standard development is used forthe RXDP signal.

With reference to FIG. 2B, a chart 44 illustrates the mapping of theM-PHY standard compliant pin names to the corresponding SD cardconnector signals (without SPI operation). In particular, FIG. 2Billustrates that the pins for the DAT0, DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3 lines arerepurposed from their respective SD signal use to a corresponding M-PHYsignal use. Thus, in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure,the DAT0 pin which was used for data input is used for the TXDP signal;the DAT1 pin which was used for data input is used for the TXDN signal;the DAT2 pin which was used for data output signal is used for the RXDNsignal; and the DAT3 pin which was used for data output signal is usedfor the RXDP signal.

With reference to FIG. 2C, a chart 46 illustrates the mapping of theM-PHY standard compliant pin names to the corresponding UHS-II cardconnector signals. In particular, FIG. 2C illustrates that the pins forthe D0+, D0−, D1+, and D1− lines are repurposed from their respectiveUHS-II signal use to a corresponding M-PHY signal use. Thus, inexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the D0+ pin which wasused for data input is used for the TXDP signal; the D0− pin which wasused for data input is used for the TXDN signal; the D1+ pin which wasused for data output signal is used for the RXDN signal; and the D0− pinwhich was used for data output signal is used for the RXDP signal. Notethat the second lane formed by pins 1, 2, 3, and 5 is optional and usesfour reserved pins for the second differential lane.

With reference to FIG. 2D, the chart 48 illustrates the mapping of theM-PHY standard compliant pin names to the corresponding MMCplusconnector signals. In particular, FIG. 2D illustrates that the pins forthe DAT0 through DAT7 lines are repurposed from their respective MMCsignal use to a corresponding M-PHY signal use. Thus, in exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure, the DAT0 and DAT1 pins which wereused for data input are used for the TXDP0 and TXDN0 signals; the DAT2and DAT3 pins which were used for data output are used for the RXDN0 andRXDP0 signals; the DAT4 and DAT5 pins which were used for data inputsignals are used for the TXDP1 and TXDN1 signals; and the DAT6 and DAT7pins which were used for data output signals are used for the RXDN1 andRXDP1 signals. Note that the second lane formed by pins 10, 11, 12, and13 is optional, an implementation could use just one differential laneformed by pins 1, 7, 8, and 9.

While the charts in FIGS. 2A-2D are helpful in knowing the reassignmentpatterns for a particular memory card form factor, it may also behelpful to see a repurposed memory card form factor. In this regard,FIG. 2E illustrates a top plan view of a repurposed SD style memory cardform factor connector 10′ with pins 12A′-12I′ (collectively pins 12′).The pins 12′ are positioned within housing 14′. The housing 14′ is sizedidentically to the housing 14 of FIG. 1A and the pins 12′ are positionedin the same spots as pins 12 of FIG. 1A. However, as explained above,the repurposing of the pins 12 allows the memory card form factorconnector 10′ to operate according to the M-PHY protocol. Additionally,the pin layout and repurposing is designed to place the two pins of eachdifferential pair proximate one another (e.g., pins 1 and 9 carry theTXDN and TXDP differential pair and pins 7 and 8 carry the RXDP and RXDNdifferential pair) while the actual pairs are separate from one another(e.g., the transmit is on one edge of the memory card connector and thereceive is on the opposite edge). The repurposing of the pins 12′ issummarized in TABLE 4 below.

TABLE 4 M-PHY SD Pin Assignment SD PIN # Disclosure # M-PHY Signal NameSD Description 1 12B′ TXDP Data #3 2 12C′ CMD (optional)Command/response 3 12D′ Ground Ground 4 12E′ Supply Supply Voltage 512F′ Clock (optional) Clock 6 12G′ Ground GND 7 12H′ RXDP Data #0 8 12I′RXDN Data #1 9 12A′ TXDN Data #2

This remapping of data channels from the memory card standards andprotocols allows the same form factor for the conventional memory cardsto be used with M-PHY compliant devices. Further, given the industry'sawareness and well settled manufacturing processes for making memorycards with the standardized memory card form factor, there should be areadily available manufacturing chain for M-PHY devices that implementsuch standardized connections.

An exemplary conventional M-PHY signal path layout 50 with pinrequirements is provided with reference to FIG. 3A. That is, a firstelectronic device 52 is connected to a second electronic device 54. Thefirst electronic device 52 can include a control system or processor(discussed below in regard to FIG. 6), which may, through appropriatedevice drivers, control the signal lanes 56A, 56B of a communicationsinterface (sometimes referred to herein as a means for interfacing)according to the M-PHY standard. The signal lane 56A is the lane throughwhich the first electronic device 52 transmits data to the secondelectronic device 54 through the TXDP and TXDN pins 58A, 58B to RXDP andRXDN pins 60A, 60B. Likewise, the second electronic device 54 transmitsdata to the first electronic device 52 through the TXDP and TXDN pins62A, 62B to RXDP and RXDN pins 64A, 64B. Each electronic device 52, 54has its own respective transmitter M-TX 66A, 68B and receiver M-RX 68A,66B controlled by respective lane management module 70A, 70B. The lanemanagement modules 70A, 70B may be hardware or software or a mix of thetwo as desired and may communicate with the control system via links78A, 78B. The pins 58A, 58B, 64A, 64B may be in a single M-Port 72, andthe pins 60A, 60B, 62A, 62B by virtue of their presence on a second,different device are defined to be in a second M-Port 74.

With continuing reference to FIG. 3A, the lane management module 70A maycommunicate with the transmitter 66A through a peripheral interchangeformat (PIF) link 76A and with the receiver 68A through a PIF link 76B.Likewise, the lane management module 70B may communicate with thereceiver 66B through a PIF link 76C and the transmitter 68B through aPIF link 76D. The lane management modules 70A, 70B, the links 78A, 78B,the transmitters 66A, 68B, receivers 66B, 68A, and PIF links 76A-76D areset forth in the M-PHY standard, and the interested reader is directedthereto for more information regarding these elements. As illustrated,the first electronic device 52 is directly connected to the secondelectronic device 54. While not explicitly illustrated, it should beappreciated that the direct connection could be replaced by a connector,cable, or combination. Again, the signals and lane management elementsare defined by the M-PHY standard, but the arrangement of the pins andany connectors is left undefined. However, as noted with reference toFIGS. 2A-2E, memory card style connectors may be repurposed by mappingthe data pins to the TXDP, TXDN, RXDN, and RXDP signal paths withoutrequiring any physical changes to the memory card form factor. In thisregard, the memory card form factor may sometimes be referred to hereinas a means for connecting.

An exemplary simplified diagram of a repurposed memory card form factorconnector 10′ inserted into a host device 24 is provided in FIG. 3B. Inparticular, the memory card form factor connector 10′ has pins 12′ thatcouple to the output from the transmitter M-TX 66A and receiver M-RX 68Aof the host device 24 through appropriate pins 58A, 58B, 64A, 64B (FIG.3A). Inside the housing 14′ of the memory card form factor connector 10′are receiver 66B and transmitter 68B as well as a conventional lanemanagement 70B.

Turning to FIG. 4, a flow chart is provided illustrating a method ofconnecting a first electronic device, such as electronic device 52,configured to operating using a M-PHY standard to a second electronicdevice, such as electronic device 54 through a mated connection, a cablewith mated connectors or the like. Initially, the method provides anelectronic device (block 100) and forms a plurality of data paths in theelectronic device, wherein each path conforms to M-PHY standard (block102). The method provides a memory card style connector having aplurality of pins to the first electronic device (block 104). In anexemplary embodiment, the memory card style connector conforms to one ofthe following standard form factors: SD, MMC, Compact Flash, MemoryStick, SPI, xD, XQD, or UHS.

With continuing reference to FIG. 4, the method electrically couples thepins in the memory card style form factor to the data paths (block 106).In an exemplary embodiment, the pins are mapped by electrically couplinga first transmit pin to a M-PHY TXDP data path, electrically coupling asecond transmit pin to a M-PHY TXDN data path, electrically coupling afirst receive pin to a M-PHY RXDN data path, and electrically coupling asecond receive pin to a M-PHY RXDP data path. If the memory cardconnector form factor does not normally have four data paths, a reservedcontact may be used in place thereof. Likewise, if the data paths arenot specifically designated as transmit or receive data paths, suchdesignations may be selected.

With continuing reference to FIG. 4, and with the data paths connectedto the respective pins in the memory card style form factor, the firstelectronic device may be connected to a second electronic device (e.g.,second device 54) (block 108). During connection or shortly thereafter,the control system associated with the connector may perform insertiondetection (block 110) and/or provide power (block 112) to the secondelectronic device 54.

The above discussion has focused on repurposing the data paths in thememory card style form factor, but there are other pins within thememory card style form factor that may be used for other purposes suchas insertion detection and/or power provision. For example, most memorycards include a power pin. The existence of a power pin allows forinsertion detection and provides the ability to supply power to thesecond electronic device 54. Insertion detection allows the firstelectronic device 52 to know when it is acceptable to send data orlisten for data from the second electronic device 54. Likewise, thesecond electronic device 54 should detect that the first electronicdevice 52 has been connected. Other advantages may also be realizedthrough insertion detection, and the present disclosure is not solimited. Likewise, providing power to the second electronic device 54allows the designers to avoid having to provide a power cord oralternate power source for the second electronic device 54.

Because so many memory cards exist that have the same general formfactor, but potentially different pin configurations and uses, thereneeds to be some way for the host device to ascertain what type of cardhas been inserted. An exemplary process 120 for determining what type ofcard has been inserted is illustrated in FIG. 5. Process 120 starts atblock 122 and the first electronic device 52 sends a CMD5 message to thecard in the receptacle 26 (block 124). If the card replies at block 126,then first electronic device 52 determines that the card in thereceptacle 26 is a secure digital input output (SDIO) card (block 128).If, however, no reply is provided at block 126, then the firstelectronic device 52 sends a CMD41 message to the card in the receptacle26 (block 130). If the card replies at block 132, the first electronicdevice 52 determines that the card in the receptacle 26 is an SD card(block 134). If, however, no reply is provided at block 132, then thefirst electronic device 52 sends a CMD1 message to the card in thereceptacle 26 (block 136).

With continued reference to FIG. 5, if the card replies at block 138,then first electronic device 52 determines that the card in thereceptacle 26 is an MMC (block 140). If, however, no reply is providedat block 138, then the first electronic device 52 infers that the cardin the receptacle 26 is operating according to an M-PHY protocol andchanges to an M-PHY interface and attempts to access the card (block142). If the card in the receptacle 26 replies at block 144, then thehost device 52 determines that the card in the receptacle 26 is an M-PHYcompliant device (block 146). If the card in the receptacle 26 stilldoes not reply, then the process generates an error (block 148).

While the process 120 has contemplated and recited specific commands todetermine if the card inserted into the receptacle 26 was a particulartype of card, it should be appreciated that the standards for each ofthese card types have a plurality of unique commands (i.e., a commandthat exists only for that standard and does not have a correspondingcommand in other standards (e.g., a command that exists only for SD, butnot for MMC, UHS, etc.)). Thus, other commands may be used to help makethe determination as to which card type is inserted without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

While the above discussion has focused on repurposing pins within amemory card form factor, the present disclosure is not so limited.Additionally, the present disclosure contemplates using a UniversalFlash Storage (UFS) storage system in conjunction with memory card formfactors. Of note is that UFS has heretofore only been proposed for fixedmemory units such as the flash memory soldered on the board of computingdevices. UFS has been strongly tied to the M-PHY protocol as evidencedby the JEDEC publication UFS PHY and UNIPRO® by Yuping Chung, publishedOct. 12, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. While Chung contemplates UFS implemented through an M-PHYphysical layer, Chung does not contemplate using UFS with detachablememory cards or using M-PHY via a standardized connector as describedabove to communicate with memory cards. The present disclosurecontemplates extending UFS capabilities by making it usable fordetachable memory card connectors, using readily available card formfactors and the repurposing techniques disclosed herein.

While the present disclosure has focused on repurposing particular pinsfrom the various memory card standards to M-PHY usage, it should benoted that any pins on the memory card form factor can be repurposed tocarry the transmitter and receiver differential pairs. As a matter ofdesign choice, it makes more sense to repurpose the data pins from thememory card form factors to act as transmitter and receiver differentialpairs under the M-PHY usage. Likewise, in many instances it makes senseto preserve the purpose of the other memory card form factor pins in theM-PHY usage. For example, it makes sense to preserve a ground connectionas a ground connection. Likewise, pins that are designated as power pinsmay be preserved as power pins in the M-PHY system. Such preservation ofpin functionality promotes interoperability and allows designersfamiliar with one system to adapt readily to pin layouts in therepurposed system. It is worth repeating that while only SD and MMCplushave been explicitly illustrated, the concepts of the repurposingillustrated thereby are applicable to the various other memory cardconnectors such as Compact Flash (I and II), Secure Digital (SD) (SD,miniSD, microSD, SDHC, miniSDHC, microSDHC, SDXC), Memory Stick(Standard, Pro, Pro Duo, Pro-HG Duo, Micro (M2), xC), MultiMediaCard(MMC) (MMC, RS-MMC, MMCmobile, MMCplus, MMCmicro, eMMC), SerialPeripheral Interface (SPI), xD (Standard, Type M, Type H, Type M+), XQD,and Ultra High Speed (UHS) (I and II).

As a further note, the use of a shared clock can be provided (eitherusing the existing clock pin or using a different pin repurposed tocarry a clock signal). Use of a shared clock allows usage of M-PHY TypeII and is also consistent with UFS that uses M-PHY Type I (even thoughM-PHY Type I does not require a clock), since UFS requires a clocksignal.

In an alternate embodiment, not illustrated, the memory may be a writeonly memory needing only a TXDP/TXDN pair, so only two pins would beneeded for data transfer. An exemplary situation for such usage would bea monitoring station, sensory array, or telemetry system wiring the datato memory but never reading it back (e.g., written in a surveyor,rocket, weather balloon, airplane black box or the like).

The operation of the M-PHY communications protocol using a memory cardform factor interface and related devices, systems, and methods,according to embodiments disclosed herein, may be provided in orintegrated into any processor-based device. Examples, withoutlimitation, include a set top box, an entertainment unit, a navigationdevice, a communications device, a fixed location data unit, a mobilelocation data unit, a mobile phone, a cellular phone or smart phone, acomputer, a portable computer, a desktop computer, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a monitor, a computer monitor, a television, a tuner, aradio, a satellite radio, a music player, a digital music player, aportable music player, a digital video player, a video player, a digitalvideo disc (DVD) player, and a portable digital video player.

In this regard, FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a processor-basedsystem 170 that can employ the memory card style connector with themapping of FIGS. 2A-2D (or other mapping consistent with the conceptsdisclosed herein) applied thereto. A controller 200 interoperates withthe lane management module 70A as illustrated. For the sake of FIG. 6,the memory card style connector is referred to as connector 202. In thisexample, the processor-based system 170 includes one or more centralprocessing units (CPUs) 172, each including one or more processors 174.The CPU(s) 172 may be a master device. The CPU(s) 172 may have cachememory 176 coupled to the processor(s) 174 for rapid access totemporarily stored data. The CPU(s) 172 is coupled to a system bus 180and can intercouple master devices and slave devices included in theprocessor-based system 170. The system bus 180 may be a businterconnect. As is well known, the CPU(s) 172 communicates with theseother devices by exchanging address, control, and data information overthe system bus 180. For example, the CPU(s) 172 can communicate bustransaction requests to the memory controller 168(N) as an example of aslave device. Although not illustrated in FIG. 6, multiple system buses180 could be provided, wherein each system bus 180 constitutes adifferent fabric.

Other master and slave devices can be connected to the system bus 180.As illustrated in FIG. 6, these devices can include a memory system 182,one or more input devices 184, one or more output devices 186, one ormore network interface devices 188, and one or more display controllers190, as examples. The input device(s) 184 can include any type of inputdevice, including but not limited to input keys, switches, voiceprocessors, etc. The output device(s) 186 can include any type of outputdevice, including but not limited to audio, video, other visualindicators, etc. The network interface device(s) 188 can be any devicesconfigured to allow exchange of data to and from a network 192. Thenetwork 192 can be any type of network, including but not limited to awired or wireless network, private or public network, a local areanetwork (LAN), a wide local area network (WLAN), and the Internet. Thenetwork interface device(s) 188 can be configured to support any type ofcommunication protocol desired. The memory system 182 can include one ormore memory units 193(O-N). The arbiter may be provided between thesystem bus 180 and master and slave devices coupled to the system bus180, such as, for example, the memory units 193(0-N) provided in thememory system 182.

The CPU(s) 172 may also be configured to access the displaycontroller(s) 190 over the system bus 180 to control information sent toone or more displays 194. The display controller(s) 190 sendsinformation to the display(s) 194 to be displayed via one or more videoprocessors 196, which process the information to be displayed into aformat suitable for the display(s) 194. The display(s) 194 can includeany type of display, including but not limited to a cathode ray tube(CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, etc.

The CPU(s) 172 and the display controller(s) 190 may act as masterdevices to make memory access requests to an arbiter over the system bus180. Different threads within the CPU(s) 172 and the displaycontroller(s) 190 may make requests to the arbiter.

Those of skill in the art would further appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithms describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedas electronic hardware, instructions stored in memory or in anothercomputer-readable medium and executed by a processor or other processingdevice, or combinations of both. The arbiters, master devices, and slavedevices described herein may be employed in any circuit, hardwarecomponent, integrated circuit (IC), or IC chip, as examples. Memorydisclosed herein may be any type and size of memory and may beconfigured to store any type of information desired. To clearlyillustrate this interchangeability, various illustrative components,blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generallyin terms of their functionality. How such functionality is implementeddepends upon the particular application, design choices, and/or designconstraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans mayimplement the described functionality in varying ways for eachparticular application, but such implementation decisions should not beinterpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedor performed with a processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field ProgrammableGate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinationthereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A processormay be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may beany conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or statemachine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination ofcomputing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, aplurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunctionwith a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware and ininstructions that are stored in hardware, and may reside, for example,in Random Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Read Only Memory (ROM),Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically ErasableProgrammable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of computer readable medium known in the art.An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that theprocessor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC. The ASIC may reside in a remote station. In the alternative, theprocessor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in aremote station, base station, or server.

It is also noted that the operational steps described in any of theexemplary embodiments herein are described to provide examples anddiscussion. The operations described may be performed in numerousdifferent sequences other than the illustrated sequences. Furthermore,operations described in a single operational step may actually beperformed in a number of different steps. Additionally, one or moreoperational steps discussed in the exemplary embodiments may becombined. It is to be understood that the operational steps illustratedin the flow chart diagrams may be subject to numerous differentmodifications as will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art.Those of skill in the art would also understand that information andsignals may be represented using any of a variety of differenttechnologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands,information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referencedthroughout the above description may be represented by voltages,currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, opticalfields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scopeof the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited tothe examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded thewidest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosedherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of ascertaining what sort of card hasbeen put into a host device receptacle, comprising: detecting insertionof a memory card connector into a memory card form factor receptacle;determining if the memory card connector is associated with a memorycard or is operating according to an M-PHY protocol; and operating basedon the determining.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining if thememory card connector is associated with the memory card comprisessending a command associated with a memory card standard and detecting aresponse.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining if the memorycard connector is associated with the memory card comprises sending aplurality of commands, each command uniquely associated with a differentmemory card standard and evaluating whether a response is generated byeach of the plurality of commands.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising determining if the memory card connector operates accordingto a memory card standard selected from the group consisting of: CompactFlash (I and II), Secure Digital (SD) (SD, miniSD, microSD, SDHC,miniSDHC, microSDHC, SDXC), Memory Stick (Standard, Pro, Pro Duo, Pro-HGDuo, Micro (M2), xC), MultiMediaCard (MMC) (MMC, RS-MMC, MMCmobile,MMCplus, MMCmicro, eMMC), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), xD(Standard, Type M, Type H, Type M+), XQD, and Ultra High Speed (UHS) (Iand II).
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining if thememory card connector operates according to an M-PHY standard coupledwith a universal flash storage (UFS) system.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising detecting a power pin associated with the memory cardconnector.
 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising providing powerthrough the power pin.
 8. A method of ascertaining what sort of card hasbeen put into a host device receptacle, comprising: detecting insertionof a memory card connector into a memory card form factor receptacle;providing a first command to logic within the memory card connector, thefirst command uniquely associated with a first memory card communicationprotocol; determining if a first reply to the first command is providedfrom the logic within the memory card connector to the host device; ifno first reply is provided, providing a second command to the logicwithin the memory card connector, the second command associated with asecond memory card communication protocol; determining if a second replyto the second command is provided from the logic within the memory cardconnector to the host device; and if no second reply is provided,operating according to an M-PHY protocol.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the first memory card communication protocol comprises a securedigital (SD) protocol.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the secondmemory card communication protocol comprises an MMC protocol.
 11. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising determining if the memory cardconnector operates according to a memory card standard selected from thegroup consisting of: Compact Flash (I and II), Secure Digital (SD) (SD,miniSD, microSD, SDHC, miniSDHC, microSDHC, SDXC), Memory Stick(Standard, Pro, Pro Duo, Pro-HG Duo, Micro (M2), xC), MultiMediaCard(MMC) (MMC, RS-MMC, MMCmobile, MMCplus, MMCmicro, eMMC), SerialPeripheral Interface (SPI), xD (Standard, Type M, Type H, Type M+), XQD,and Ultra High Speed (UHS) (I and II).
 12. The method of claim 8,further comprising determining if the memory card connector operatesaccording to an M-PHY standard coupled with a universal flash storage(UFS) system.
 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising detecting apower pin associated with the memory card connector.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising providing power through the power pin. 15.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising software withinstructions to: detect insertion of a memory card connector into amemory card form factor receptacle; determine if the memory cardconnector is associated with a memory card or is operating according toan M-PHY protocol; and operate based on the determining.
 16. Thecomputer readable medium of claim 15 wherein the instructions todetermine if the memory card connector is associated with the memorycard comprise instructions to send a command associated with a memorycard standard and detecting a response.
 17. The computer readable mediumof claim 15 wherein the instructions to determine if the memory cardconnector is associated with the memory card comprise instructions tosend a plurality of commands, each command uniquely associated with adifferent memory card standard and evaluating whether a response isgenerated by each of the plurality of commands.
 18. The computerreadable medium of claim 15 wherein the instructions further compriseinstructions to determine if the memory card connector operatesaccording to an M-PHY standard coupled with a universal flash storage(UFS) system.
 19. A computing device, comprising: a receptacleconfigured to hold a memory card connector and having electricalcontacts configured to mate to contacts in a memory card form factor; acontrol system operatively coupled to the electrical contacts andconfigured to: detect insertion of the memory card connector into thereceptacle; determine if the memory card connector is associated with amemory card or is operating according to an M-PHY protocol; and operatebased on the determining.
 20. The computing device of claim 19 whereinthe receptacle comprises a power pin and the control system isconfigured to provide power to the memory card connector through thepower pin.